PINK Annotation Schema
type: Ontology
version IRI: https://w3id.org/pink/0.0.1
imports: reused-terms
status: Under Development
abstract: The PINK Annotation Schema provides the semantic basis for SSbD. The PINK Annotation Schema expands on the annotation schema provided by tripper, which again expands on the DCAT-AP. A reference documentation of terms reused from standard W3C vocabularies can be found https://pink-project.github.io/PINK-annotation-schema/widoco-reused-terms/index-en.html.
bibliographic citation: xxx
contributor: IseultLynch
created: 2025-09-08
creator: FrancescaLonstadBleken
creator: JesperFriis
creator: ThomasExner
creator: JohDokler
has format: turtle
issued: xxxx-xx-xx
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
modified: xxxx-xx-xx
publisher: pink-project.eu
doi: tbd
preferred namespace prefix: pink
prior version: 0.0.0
version info: 0.0.1

attributed
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causedBy
inverse of: wasAttributedTo
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: Agent
range: Entity
definition: Relates an agent to an entity via an activity that both the agent and entity participates to.
skope note: The activity is through overlapped by the agent and overcrossed by the entity.
skope note: There may or may not be a causal interaction between the agent and entity.

causedBy
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: wasInfluencedBy
type: IrreflexiveProperty
definition: A relation between an entity that causally affects the subject.
example: John yesterday is the cause of John today, is an example of temporal-like causality. The desk supporting my laptop is a space-like causality.

conformance
type: ObjectProperty
range: ConformanceLevel
usage note: It MUST take one of the values 'ddoc:mandatory', 'ddoc:recommended' or 'ddoc:optional'.
definition: Whether the annotation is mandatory, recommended or optional as part of the PINK Annotation Schema

documentation
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: page
domain: Resource
range: Document
definition: A page or document documenting this resource.

hasDatum
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: hasPart
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: Dataset
range: Datum
definition: Relates a dataset to its datum.

hasJunctionPart
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: hasPart
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: hasSpatioTemporalPart
definition: The part is connected with the rest item or members with both hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations.

hasModel
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: Activity
range: Model
definition: Relates an activity to the model it implements.

hasPart
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: hasPart
sub property of: overlaps
type: ReflexiveProperty
property disjoint with: isOvercrossedBy
definition: The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one.
skope note: OWL2 does not allow non-simple (e.g. transitive) properties to appear in disjoint property axioms. We therefore implement the transitivity of hasPart using SWRL rules instead of asserting it with owl:TransitiveProperty.

hasParticipant
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: hasPart
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
definition: The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself.
skope note: Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process.

hasProperty
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Entity
range: Property
definition: A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process.

hasSpatialPart
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: hasPart
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
definition: A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval.
skope note: The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasContact relations only (no hasNext).

hasTemporalPart
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: hasPart
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
definition: A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval.
skope note: A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item.

isAfter
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causedBy
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
definition: A one-directional relation between an entity that affects the subject.

isOvercrossedBy
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: overlaps
type: IrreflexiveProperty
definition: The relation between an entity that overlaps another without having it as part.

nonOverlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
property disjoint with: overlaps
definition: The relation between two individuals that does not share any parts.

overlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
definition: The relation between two individuals representing entities that share at least one of their parts.

participatesTo
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isOvercrossedBy
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: Entity
range: Activity
definition: Relation an entity to an activity that it interacts with.
skope note: The entity through overlaps the activity.

processedFrom
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: isAfter
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
definition: Indirect relation that relates the output of an activity to its input.

ssbdDimension
type: ObjectProperty
range: SsbdDimension
usage note: One of `pink:functionality`, `pink:safety`, `pink:environmental_sustainability`, `pink:social_sustainability`
definition: Note this class redefined in PR https://github.com/PINK-project/PINK-annotation-schema/pull/15

used
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: used
sub property of: isOvercrossedBy
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: Activity
range: Entity
definition: Relates an activity to an entity that it used.
example: For example, :baking :used :spoon, :egg, :oven .
skope note: The activity A proper overlaps the entity E, where the non-overlapping part of E causes A.

wasAssociatedWith
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: wasAssociatedWith
sub property of: isOvercrossedBy
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: Activity
range: Agent
definition: Relates an activity to an agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurence of this activity.
skope note: The activity is through overlapped by the agent.

wasAttributedTo
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: wasAttributedTo
sub property of: causedBy
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: Entity
range: Agent
definition: Relates an entity to an agent via an activity that both the entity and agent participates to.
skope note: The activity is through overlapped by the agent and overcrossed by the entity.

wasDerivedBy
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: wasDerivedBy
sub property of: processedFrom
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: Entity
range: Entity
definition: Indirect relation that relates the output entity of an activity to its input entity.

wasGeneratedBy
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: wasGeneratedBy
sub property of: isOvercrossedBy
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: Entity
range: Activity
definition: Relates an entity to the activity it was generated from.
skope note: The activity A proper overlaps the entity E, where the non-overlapping part of E is caused by A.

wasInformedBy
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: wasInformedBy
sub property of: isAfter
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: Activity
range: Activity
definition: A one-directional relation between an activity that affects the subject activity.

hasAPI
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Resource
range: boolean
definition: Whether the resource has an API.

ssbdSubDimension
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
definition: Note this class redefined in PR https://github.com/PINK-project/PINK-annotation-schema/pull/15

Computation
type: Class
subclass of: Process
definition: A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language).

ComputationalTool
type: Class
subclass of: Software
definition: A software that performs a computation.
example: Gromacs is a computational tool that solves Newton's equations of motion.

Data
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
definition: Contrast from variation of properties that is encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule.

Dataset
type: Class
subclass of: Dataset
subclass of: Data
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Datum
  on property: hasPart
usage note: A collection of (more than one) datum, published or curated by a single agent, and available for access or download in one or more representations.
definition: Encoded data made of more than one datum.

Datum
type: Class
subclass of: Data
usage note: Datum is the building block of datasets.
definition: A self-consistent encoded data entity.

Material
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
definition: The class of individuals standing for an amount of matter (ordinary, anti or hybrid) substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases.

MaterialProcess
type: Class
subclass of: Process
definition: A process that has material as input and output.

Measurement
type: Class
subclass of: Process
definition: An observation that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure.

Model
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
definition: A useful simplified description of a selected part of the world.
example: Newton's law of motion is a model for how a body will move when subjected to forces. A mouse can be seen as a model for a human (e.g. in medicine). An architectural floor plan is a model of a house.

Object
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
definition: The class of all individuals who's temporal parts are of the same type as the whole.

Participant
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
subclass of: Object
usage note: Example: A student during an examination. The student exists both before and after the examination.
definition: An object which is a spatial part of a process.

Property
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
usage note: A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object.
definition: A coventional semiotic sigh that stands for an physical interaction with an object using an atomic symbol.

ReliabilityDocument
type: Class
subclass of: Document
usage note: xxx
definition: xxx

Role
type: Class
usage note: An individual can be said to have a role in relation to the entity.
definition: The class of all individuals that are defined through a parthood relation to an entity.

SsbdDimension
type: Class
definition: Note this class redefined in PR https://github.com/PINK-project/PINK-annotation-schema/pull/15
skope note: The pink:SsbdDimension is an extension of the 'sustainability dimensions' defined by JRC.

FrancescaLonstadBleken
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
name: Francesca Lønstad Bleken
workplace homepage: https://www.sintef.no/en/

JesperFriis
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
name: Jesper Friis
workplace homepage: https://www.sintef.no/en/

ThomasExner
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
name: Thomas Exner
workplace homepage: https://sevenpastnine.com/

JohDokler
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
name: Joh Dokler
workplace homepage: https://sevenpastnine.com/

IseultLynch
type: NamedIndividual
type: Person
name: Iseult Lynch
workplace homepage: https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/

mandatory
type: NamedIndividual

optional
type: NamedIndividual

recommended
type: NamedIndividual

economic
type: NamedIndividual
type: SsbdDimension
bibliographic citation: Caldeira et al. JRC Technical Report. Sage and Sustainable by Design chemicals and materials. EU Science Hub. doi:10.2760/487955. 2022
definition: Aspects related to techno-economic feasibility, to operational costs, etc.
scope note: Note this class redefined in PR https://github.com/PINK-project/PINK-annotation-schema/pull/15
skope note: There are important considerations to be made in the context of SSbD such as the 'availability' of raw materials, as chemicals/materials cannot be declared SSbD if the raw materials to produce them are not renewable or are (very) scarce and extracted and processed in an unsustainable manner. Economic aspects play a role when there is a need to rank chemicals and materials based on SSbD criteria (even if they are not SSbD). However, mainly externalities consideration is at stake in a sustainability framework like the SSbD one.

environmental_systainability
type: NamedIndividual
type: SsbdDimension
bibliographic citation: Caldeira et al. JRC Technical Report. Sage and Sustainable by Design chemicals and materials. EU Science Hub. doi:10.2760/487955. 2022
definition: The ability to conserve natural resources and protect global ecosystems to support human health and wellbeing, within the limits of our Planet
scope note: Note this class redefined in PR https://github.com/PINK-project/PINK-annotation-schema/pull/15
skope note: Assessing environmental sustainability implies to assess the environmental impacts generated by chemicals/materials along the entire life cycle to move towards: · A toxic-free environment as stated in the CSS (i.e. minimising the total toxicity footprint in terms of ecotoxicity and human toxicity13 - at each stage of the production and consumption life cycle, originated not only by the assessed chemical or material, but also by all the chemicals that are emitted along the life cycle14) (EC, 2020a); · A climate-neutral economy (i.e. minimising the emission of greenhouse gases along the life cycle) (EC, 2019b); · A resource efficient economy and a regenerative economy (i.e. using natural resources in a sustainable manner, minimising inputs and waste generation, and providing more benefits than burdens) (EC, 2020b); · The reduction of biodiversity loss and the conservation of ecosystem functioning, addressing the main drivers of structural and functional biodiversity loss (e.g. land use, climate change) (EC, 2020c);

functionality
type: NamedIndividual
type: SsbdDimension
definition: Note this class redefined in PR https://github.com/PINK-project/PINK-annotation-schema/pull/15

safety
type: NamedIndividual
type: SsbdDimension
bibliographic citation: Caldeira et al. JRC Technical Report. Sage and Sustainable by Design chemicals and materials. EU Science Hub. doi:10.2760/487955. 2022
definition: Human helth and environmental safety aspects of chemicals and materials.
scope note: Note this class redefined in PR https://github.com/PINK-project/PINK-annotation-schema/pull/15
skope note: In the context of chemicals assessment, safety could be referring to a certain condition where a stressor (e.g. a chemical) is unlikely to cause any adverse effect to a receptor (e.g. humans and other organisms) (more related to intrinsic hazard properties of the stressor) or where a receptor is protected from risk (more related to control measures or mechanisms to minimise exposure to the stressor). In any case, the term safe involves receptors, and with that generally also requires the consideration of the contact (i.e. exposure) between stressors and receptors as addressed in a risk assessment context.

social_sustainability
type: NamedIndividual
type: SsbdDimension
bibliographic citation: Caldeira et al. JRC Technical Report. Sage and Sustainable by Design chemicals and materials. EU Science Hub. doi:10.2760/487955. 2022
definition: A globally agreed list of objectives and targets to be pursued for achieving sustainable development.
scope note: Note this class redefined in PR https://github.com/PINK-project/PINK-annotation-schema/pull/15
skope note: In the SDGs framework several Goals focus on social aspects, e.g. poverty eradication (SDG 1), food security (SDG 2), health (SDG 3), education (SDG 4), gender equality (SDG 5), decent work (SDG 8), reduce inequalities (SDG 10), peace and justice (SDG 16).